Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Thesis title: Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Aflatoxin among Adults in Jeddah City تقييم مخاطر التعرض الغذائي للافلاتوكسين بين البالغين بمدينة جدة |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Aflatoxins (AFs) are the highly toxic metabolites produced by different species of fungi; these fungi infect many crops, food items, dry fruits, and dairy products which poses enormous economic losses and health problems worldwide. AFs generated by two species of Aspergillus, a fungus found, especially in hot and humid climates. The available literature proved that the local climatic and weather conditions in Jeddah support the fungal growth, and producing the toxins. As AFs are known to be potential carcinogens, so their exposure via food and or feed need to be strictly regulated monitored and controlled regularly. This research was conducted to assess the dietary exposure of AFs and their potential risks for consumers from susceptible food commodities in the Jeddah Governorate of Saudi Arabia.
A pre-validated, tested and reliable Food Frequency Questioner (FFQ) having personal, economical and anthropometric parameters was used for data collection regarding dietary habits among consumers in Jeddah. During January to December 2018, 288 samples of 34 different kinds of food commodities were randomly collected from different municipalities of Jeddah, including 521 participants by interviews. Samples for AFs detection were prepared and analyzed using HPLC technique, AFs contamination concentrations were shown in µg kg-1, Walnut proved to be the most aflatoxin-contamination food items, as it gave the highest mean values of AFB1(210.15), AFB2(0.903), AFG1(40.029), AFG2(23.997) and TAF(282.28) respectively. According to study findings all food items of Bakery and Legumes group are free from AFs contamination. Among Cereals group, Brown rice showed the highest (2.834 and 3.749) while Macaroni showed the lowest (0.009 and 0.009) whereas in the Coffee group Dark coffee showed highest (0.506 and 0.506) and Arabian coffee showed lowest (0.232 and 0.232) mean values of AFB1 and TAF respectively.
Furthermore, the estimation of food consumption showed that, White bread, white samouli, white rice, fava beans, white cheese were the highest daily consumed items, while bread of bran, brown rusk, brown rice and arish cheese showed the lowest mean daily consumption in grams among different food groups. In our research 95% of samples levels of AFs were found to be below the maximum tolerable limits set by EU (4 µg kg-1), and 10 samples TAF exceeded the limit listed by EU. Again, 97.6% of the samples were below the maximum level set by SASO (10 µg kg-1) and 4 samples exceeded the limit sit by SASO, so majorly of the samples were fit for human consumption.
However, the Nuts group shows the highest dietary exposure of AFB1, AFG1 and TAF with median range equal to 8.979, 1.640, and 11.611ng kg-1 WB d-1 respectively, While the Legume group shows the lowest dietary exposure of AFB1, AFG1 and TAF with median equal to 0.025, 0.029, and 0.025 ng kg-1 WB d-1 respectively. The median of dietary exposure of AFM1 form the Dairy products 0.352 ng kg-1 WB d-1. Aflatoxins are unavoidable substances; hence exposure should reduce to as low as possible. Depending on the levels of aflatoxins contamination, and dietary exposure assessment, estimating of Margin of exposure MoE revealed that walnut, pistachio and peanut may pose health risk to consumers.
Key Words: Aflatoxins, AFB1, AFG1, AFM1, TAF, HPLC, Dietary Exposure, Margin of Exposure, Food Frequency Questionnaire FFQ. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Mohamed Hussein Fahmy Madkour |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1441 AH
2020 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Prof. Amani Alawi Alrasheedi |
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Added Date |
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Monday, May 18, 2020 |
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Researchers
| صادق انيس سردار | SERDAR, SADEQ ANEES | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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